环境配置

May 27, 2025

Content

色系

20260503201649

Prompt

翻译

### Role

You are a professional academic writing assistant and scientific translator with expertise in both English and Chinese. Your goal is to help researchers polish their manuscripts to meet the standards of top-tier academic conferences and journals (e.g., NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML, Nature, IEEE, ACM).

### Tasks & Instructions

- Whenever given a Chinese text wrapped within quotation marks (""), please provide the corresponding English translation. 
- Whenever given an English text wrapped within quotation marks (""), please improve it to make it more academic, formal and neat.
- When a word or phrase wrapped within "[]" is given, please give some synonyms for that word or phrase.

### Examples

User: "近年来, 已经有许多相关方法被提出."
Assistant: 
```latex
In recent years, a number of related methods have been proposed.
```
User: [a number of]
Assistant: 
```latex
- numerous (adj. 众多的, 许多的): There are **numerous** methods in which to do this. 
- many (adj. 许多的): **Many** scholars have argued thus.
```
User: [利用]
Assistant: 
```latex
- use (v. 用, 使用, 利用): They **use** a lot of big words.
- employ (v. 使用, 采用, 雇佣): Many adversarial training methods **employ** the most adversarial data maximizing the loss for updating the current model.
- adopt (v. 采纳, 采取, 接受): There is little or no incentive to **adopt** such measures.
```

CC & Codex

## 常规准则

语言: 中文
标点符号: 英文
交互模式: 优先采用结构化、可选择的表单式交互; 表单中必须保留 `Type something` 的选项
风格语调: 专业可靠

## 代码准则

适用场景: 代码生成、代码审查
设计原则: 简洁高效, 优先使用成熟方案
注释语言: 英文
注释风格: NumPy-style

## 文档准则

适用场景: 笔记、文档、Slides
文字风格: 简练直白

VSCode

基本配置

{
    // ==========================================
    // 1. 编辑器基础设置 (General Editor)
    // ==========================================
    "editor.fontSize": 14,
    "editor.lineNumbers": "on",
    "editor.rulers": [],
    "editor.accessibilitySupport": "off",
    "editor.experimentalEditContextEnabled": false,
    "files.autoSave": "afterDelay",
    "update.mode": "manual",
    "workbench.colorTheme": "Solarized-light",
    "workbench.activityBar.location": "bottom",
    "explorer.confirmDelete": false,
    "explorer.confirmDragAndDrop": false,
    "security.workspace.trust.untrustedFiles": "open",
    "security.promptForLocalFileProtocolHandling": false,
    "search.followSymlinks": false,

    // ==========================================
    // 2. 编程语言 & 语法高亮 (Languages & Theming)
    // ==========================================
    "editor.tokenColorCustomizations": {
        "textMateRules": [
            {
                "scope": "keyword.control.flow.python",
                "settings": {
                    "foreground": "#FF6E6E",
                    "fontStyle": "bold"
                }
            },
            {
                "name": "Function/Method names",
                "scope": [
                    "entity.name.function",
                    "meta.function-call.generic",
                    "support.function"
                ],
                "settings": {
                    "foreground": "#FFAA5A"
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    "[python]": {
        "editor.wordBasedSuggestions": "off"
    },

    // ==========================================
    // 3. Vim 模拟器配置 (Vim Emulation)
    // ==========================================
    "vim.leader": ",",
    "vim.easymotion": true,
    "vim.incsearch": true,
    "vim.useSystemClipboard": true,
    "vim.useCtrlKeys": true,
    "vim.hlsearch": true,
    "vim.handleKeys": {
        "<C-a>": false,
        "<C-f>": false
    },
    // 插入模式快捷键 (jk 退出插入模式)
    "vim.insertModeKeyBindings": [
        {
            "before": ["j", "k"],
            "after": ["<Esc>"]
        }
    ],
    // 普通模式快捷键
    "vim.normalModeKeyBindingsNonRecursive": [
        {
            "before": ["<leader>", "d"],
            "after": ["d", "d"]
        },
        {
            "before": ["<C-n>"],
            "commands": [":nohl"]
        },
        {
            "before": ["E"],
            "after": ["g", "t"]
        },
        {
            "before": ["L"],
            "after": ["$"]
        },
        {
            "before": ["H"],
            "after": ["^"]
        }
    ],
    "vim.normalModeKeyBindings": [
        {
            "before": ["Z", "Z"],
            "commands": [":wq"]
        }
    ],
    // 可视模式快捷键
    "vim.visualModeKeyBindings": [
        {
            "before": [">"],
            "commands": ["editor.action.indentLines"]
        },
        {
            "before": ["<"],
            "commands": ["editor.action.outdentLines"]
        }
    ],
    "vim.visualModeKeyBindingsNonRecursive": [
        {
            "before": ["p"],
            "after": ["p", "g", "v", "y"] // 粘贴后不丢失寄存器内容
        }
    ],
    // 算子模式
    "vim.operatorPendingModeKeyBindings": [
        {
            "before": ["L"],
            "after": ["$"]
        },
        {
            "before": ["H"],
            "after": ["^"]
        }
    ],
    // 自动切换输入法 (Mac im-select)
    "vim.autoSwitchInputMethod.enable": true,
    "vim.autoSwitchInputMethod.defaultIM": "com.apple.keylayout.ABC",
    "vim.autoSwitchInputMethod.obtainIMCmd": "/usr/local/bin/im-select",
    "vim.autoSwitchInputMethod.switchIMCmd": "/usr/local/bin/im-select {im}",

    // ==========================================
    // 4. LaTeX 配置 (Latex Workshop)
    // ==========================================
    "latex-workshop.latex.autoBuild.run": "never",
    "latex-workshop.message.error.show": false,
    "latex-workshop.message.warning.show": false,
    "latex-workshop.showContextMenu": true,
    "latex-workshop.intellisense.package.enabled": true,
    "latex-workshop.view.pdf.internal.synctex.keybinding": "double-click",
    
    // 编译工具配置
    "latex-workshop.latex.tools": [
        {
            "name": "pdflatex",
            "command": "pdflatex",
            "args": ["-synctex=1", "-interaction=nonstopmode", "-file-line-error", "%DOCFILE%"]
        },
        {
            "name": "xelatex",
            "command": "xelatex",
            "args": ["-synctex=1", "-interaction=nonstopmode", "-file-line-error", "%DOCFILE%"]
        },
        {
            "name": "bibtex",
            "command": "bibtex",
            "args": ["%DOCFILE%"]
        },
        {
            "name": "biber",
            "command": "biber",
            "args": ["%DOCFILE%"]
        }
    ],
    // 编译方案 (Recipe)
    "latex-workshop.latex.recipes": [
        {
            "name": "pbibpp",
            "tools": ["pdflatex", "bibtex", "pdflatex", "pdflatex"]
        }
    ],
    // 辅助文件清理
    "latex-workshop.latex.clean.fileTypes": [
        "*.aux", "*.bbl", "*.blg", "*.idx", "*.ind", "*.lof", "*.lot", "*.out", "*.toc", "*.acn", "*.acr", "*.alg", "*.glg", "*.glo", "*.gls", "*.ist", "*.fls", "*.log", "*.fdb_latexmk"
    ],
    "latex-workshop.latex.autoClean.run": "onFailed",
    // 外部 PDF 查看器 (SumatraPDF)
    "latex-workshop.view.pdf.viewer": "external",
    "latex-workshop.view.pdf.ref.viewer": "auto",
    "latex-workshop.view.pdf.external.viewer.command": "E:/SumatraPDF/SumatraPDF.exe",
    "latex-workshop.view.pdf.external.viewer.args": ["%PDF%"],
    "latex-workshop.view.pdf.external.synctex.command": "E:/SumatraPDF/SumatraPDF.exe",
    "latex-workshop.view.pdf.external.synctex.args": [
        "-forward-search",
        "%TEX%",
        "%LINE%",
        "-reuse-instance",
        "-inverse-search",
        "\"E:/Microsoft VS Code/Code.exe\" \"E:/Microsoft VS Code/resources/app/out/cli.js\" -r -g \"%f:%l\"",
        "%PDF%"
    ],

    // ==========================================
    // 5. Jupyter Notebook & 数据科学 (Data Science)
    // ==========================================
    "notebook.lineNumbers": "on",
    "notebook.confirmDeleteRunningCell": false,
    "workbench.editorAssociations": {
        "*.ipynb": "jupyter-notebook"
    },
    "jupyter.interactiveWindow.textEditor.executeSelection": false,
    "jupyter.interactiveWindow.creationMode": "perFile",

    // ==========================================
    // 6. 远程开发 & 终端 (Remote SSH & Terminal)
    // ==========================================
    "terminal.integrated.enableMultiLinePasteWarning": "never",
    "terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.windows": "Command Prompt",

    // ==========================================
    // 7. 版本控制 (Git)
    // ==========================================
    "git.confirmSync": false,
    "git.autofetch": true,
    "git.ignoreMissingGitWarning": true,

    // ==========================================
    // 8. Markdown & 图片托管 (Markdown & Assets)
    // ==========================================
    "markdown-preview-github-styles.colorTheme": "light",
    "markdown-preview-enhanced.enablePreviewZenMode": false,
    "pasteImage.path": "${currentFileDir}/${currentFileNameWithoutExt}",
    "picgo.picBed.current": "github",
    "picgo.picBed.github.repo": "MTandHJ/blog_source",
    "picgo.picBed.uploader": "github",
    "picgo.picBed.github.branch": "master",
    "picgo.picBed.github.path": "images/",

    // ==========================================
    // 9. AI 辅助 (Copilot)
    // ==========================================
    "github.copilot.enable": {
        "*": false,
        "plaintext": false,
        "markdown": false,
        "scminput": false,
        "python": false
    }
}

Remote 免密登录

在远程服务器上执行如下命令 (<id_rsa.pub> 替换为个人的 .ssh 下的公钥):

cd ~
mkdir ./.ssh
echo "<id_rsa.pub>" >> ./.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 ./.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 700 ./.ssh

本地清理服务器 ssh 指纹

服务器重装系统后 ssh 指纹会发生更改, 此时需要通过如下命令删除 known_hosts

# windows 终端
ssh-keygen -R [服务器IP地址]

Latex

Windows

MikTex:
1. 设置 ‘Install missing packages’ 为 ‘Yes’.

Mac

该文件需通过 command + shift + p 放入工作区设置 (即仅在当前目录下生效).

{
    "latex-workshop.latex.tools": [
        {
          "name": "xelatex",
          "command": "xelatex",
          "args": [
            "-synctex=1",
            "-interaction=nonstopmode",
            "-file-line-error",
            "%DOC%"
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "pdflatex",
          "command": "pdflatex",
          "args": [
            "-synctex=1",
            "-interaction=nonstopmode",
            "-file-line-error",
            "%DOC%"
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "latexmk",
          "command": "latexmk",
          "args": [
            "-synctex=1",
            "-interaction=nonstopmode",
            "-file-line-error",
            "-pdf",
            "%DOC%"
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "bibtex",
          "command": "bibtex",
          "args": [
            "%DOCFILE%"
          ]
        }
      ],

      "latex-workshop.latex.recipes": [

        {
          "name": "XeLaTeX",
          "tools": [
            "xelatex"
          ]
        },

        // {
        //   "name": "PDFLaTeX",
        //   "tools": [
        //     "pdflatex"
        //   ]
        // },
        // {
        //   "name": "latexmk",
        //   "tools": [
        //     "latexmk"
        //   ]
        // },
        // {
        //   "name": "BibTeX",
        //   "tools": [
        //     "bibtex"
        //   ]
        // },
        {
          "name": "xelatex -> bibtex -> xelatex*2",
          "tools": [
            "xelatex",
            "bibtex",
            "xelatex",
            "xelatex"
          ]
        },
        // {
        //   "name": "pdflatex -> bibtex -> pdflatex*2",
        //   "tools": [
        //     "pdflatex",
        //     "bibtex",
        //     "pdflatex",
        //     "pdflatex"
        //   ]
        // },
    ],
    "latex-workshop.view.pdf.viewer": "external",
    "latex-workshop.latex.autoBuild.run": "never",
    "latex-workshop.view.pdf.external.synctex.command": "/Applications/Skim.app/Contents/SharedSupport/displayline",
    "latex-workshop.view.pdf.external.synctex.args": [
        "-r",
        "%LINE%",
        "%PDF%",
        "%TEX%"
    ],

    "latex-workshop.view.pdf.external.viewer.command": "/Applications/Skim.app/Contents/SharedSupport/displayline",
    "latex-workshop.view.pdf.external.viewer.args": [
        "0",
        "%PDF%",
    ],
}

uv

uv 将 Python 解释器、全局工具和项目依赖分开管理：

全局 Python：任意目录执行 python。
全局工具：任意目录执行 ruff、ipython 等命令。
项目环境：每个项目独立的 .venv、pyproject.toml 与 uv.lock。

全局环境设置 (类似于 conda 的 base 环境)

uv python install 3.11 --default
uv python update-shell

# 重新打开 PowerShell 后
python --version

uv pip install --python python numpy pandas
python -c "import numpy; print(numpy.__version__)"

uv tool install ruff
ruff --version

命令	介绍	备注
`uv python install 3.11 --default`	安装 Python 3.11，并提供全局 `python` 命令	执行后重启终端或 VS Code. `--default` 会创建无版本号的 `python`
`uv python list`	查看本机可用和已安装的 Python 版本	用于确认 uv 管理的解释器
`uv python find 3.11`	查找 Python 3.11 的实际路径	排查解释器或 VS Code 配置时有用
`uv python update-shell`	将 uv 的 Python/工具目录加入 Shell 的 Path	执行后需要重新打开终端
`uv pip install --python python numpy pandas`	将包安装到全局 `python`	适合临时脚本；不建议安装正式项目依赖
`uv pip list --python python`	查看全局 Python 已安装的包	`--python python` 明确指定全局解释器
`uv pip install --python python --upgrade numpy`	升级全局 Python 中的包	升级可能影响依赖该包的临时脚本
`uv tool install ruff`	全局安装命令行工具	适合 `ruff`、`black`、`ipython`、`jupyterlab` 等 CLI
`uv tool list`	查看已安装的全局工具	每个工具使用独立环境，不污染全局 Python
`uv tool upgrade --all`	升级全部全局工具	等价于集中更新常用 CLI
`uv tool uninstall ruff`	卸载一个全局工具	只删除该工具，不影响其他环境
`uvx ruff check .`	临时运行一个工具	不需要预先安装；适合偶尔使用的 CLI

2. 项目管理

项目环境应由 uv 自动维护，不依赖全局包。每个项目通常包含：

project/
├── pyproject.toml  # 项目依赖与配置
├── uv.lock         # 精确锁定的依赖版本
└── .venv/          # 项目独立虚拟环境

(从零创建新项目)

mkdir E:\Desktop\demo
cd E:\Desktop\demo

uv init
uv add requests
uv add --dev pytest ruff

uv run python -c "import requests; print(requests.__version__)"
uv run ruff check .
uv tree

(接管旧项目)

cd E:\Desktop\some-project

uv sync
uv run python main.py
uv run pytest

命令	介绍	备注
`uv init`	初始化一个新的 Python 项目	创建 `pyproject.toml`、README 与基础目录. 已有 `pyproject.toml` 的项目不需要执行
`uv init --bare`	初始化最简项目	只创建必要的项目配置, 适合脚本项目
`uv add requests`	添加项目依赖	自动更新 `pyproject.toml` 和 `uv.lock`
`uv add "numpy==2.2.0"`	添加指定版本依赖	可使用 `==`、`>=` 等版本约束
`uv add --dev pytest ruff`	添加开发依赖	适合测试、格式化、Lint 工具
`uv remove requests`	删除项目依赖	同时更新锁文件
`uv sync`	创建或同步项目 `.venv`	克隆项目后首先执行; 按 `uv.lock` 安装依赖
`uv run python main.py`	在项目环境中运行脚本	推荐方式; 无需手动激活 `.venv`
`uv run pytest`	在项目环境中运行命令	自动使用项目安装的测试工具
`uv tree`	查看项目依赖树	排查间接依赖和版本来源
`uv lock`	更新锁文件	通常 `uv add` 后会自动处理
`uv lock --upgrade`	升级锁文件中的依赖版本	之后执行 `uv sync` 安装新版本
`uv run --with rich python demo.py`	临时为一次运行添加依赖	不修改 `pyproject.toml` 和 `uv.lock`

Conda

下载后通过如下命令安装

bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh

清华镜像

conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/pytorch/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/pytorch/linux-64/
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes

Pip

清华镜像

pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

WSL

(安装) 在 powershell 中通过
```
wsl --install
```
进行安装.
(本地代理) 通过 “WSL Settings” 中开启 “已启用自动代理”, “已启用 DNS 代理”, 如有必要进一步关闭 “已启用 Hyper-V 防火墙”.